GEOMECHANICAL PROCESSES AND PHENOMENA DETERMINING THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF SUBSOIL USE, REGULARITIES OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

The development of scientific concepts of geomechanical processes and phenomena occurring while the subsoil use, their impact on the stability and safety of the mineral resource and energy complexes, and the urban infrastructure. It is shown that among the geomechanical processes that determine the stability, reliability and safety of the objects of subsoil use, the leading role belongs to the deformation processes that arise in the rock mass under the influence of its two fundamental properties – hierarchically block structure and constant mobility. The initial ideas about the conditions of subsoil use were based on
the well-known hypothesis of the late XIX century by Geim. In accordance with it, the rock mass was considered as a continuous homogeneous, showing in time the plastic properties of the medium, which has its own weight (gravity), under the influence of which a homogeneous hydrostatic stress-strain state is formed in it. Subsequently, this hypothesis was supplemented and improved by giving the rock mass elastic properties, heterogeneity of strength and deformation properties and hierarchically block structure of the constituent rocks, and by identifying tectonic forces. All this brought theoretical concepts closer
to reality, but the rock mass remained motionless, the imbalance and deformation processes in it occurred only in
the areas of influence of subsoil objects – mining, hydraulic structures and other large-scale technological activities. At the same time, the causes of many catastrophic events were not comprehensively explained. Finally, at the end of the XX century, with the introduction into practice of geomechanical research technuiqes of satellite geodesy was established constant mobility of rock mass as its fundamental property that determines its natural form of existence. In combination with the hierarchically block
structure, the constant mobility forms real discrete, mosaic, time variable fields of the stress-strain state, the features of which are considered in the work.